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| Термин/Аббревиатура | Определение/Расшифровка аббревиатуры | TOGA | Takeoff/Go Around |
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| Термин/Аббревиатура | Определение/Расшифровка аббревиатуры | thrust augmentation (turbine engine operation) | The short-term increase in thrust output of a turbojet or turbofan engine by water injection or afterburning. See water injection (gas turbine engines) and afterburner (gas turbine engine component). | photo reconnaissance (air traffic control) | Military activity that requires locating individual photo targets and navigating to the targets at a preplanned angle and altitude. Photo reconnaissance normally requires a lateral route width of 16 nautical miles and an altitude range of 1,500 feet to 10,000 feet AGL. | constantan | A copper-nickel alloy used as the negative lead of a thermocouple for measuring cylinder head temperature in a reciprocating engine. Either iron or copper may be used as the positive lead for the thermocouple. | foot-pound (measurement of work) | The basic measure of work in the English gravitational system. One foot-pound is the amount of work done by one pound of force when it causes a movement of one foot in the direction of its application. One foot-pound is equal to 1.355818 joules. | RATO | Rocket Assisted Takeoff | field | (magnetic). A space across which magnetic lines of force exist. | steam | Water that has been changed into its vapor state by heating it. Steam is invisible, but the cloud of tiny droplets of water that rises above boiling water is often called steam. | phantom line (mechanical drawing) | A line used on a mechanical drawing to show the location of a part that is not visible in the view shown, but is used as a reference. A phantom line is a thin line made up of a series of an alternate long dash and two short dashes. | TPA | Traffic Pattern Altitude | teaching lecture | An oral presentation that is directed toward desired learning outcomes. Some student participation is allowed. | transistor (electronic component) | An active semiconductor device with three electrodes: an emitter, a collector, and a base. A large flow of electrons between the emitter and the collector is controlled by a much smaller flow of electrons between the emitter and the base. Transistors are physically small, require almost no power for their operation, are extremely rugged, and are low in cost. See NPN transistor and PNP transistor. | MN | Magnetic North | GUS | Ground Uplink Station | threshold crossing height (TCH) | (1) The height of the glide slope above the runway threshold. (2) The theoretical height above the runway threshold at which the aircraft’s glideslope antenna would be if the aircraft maintains the trajectory established by the mean ILS glideslope or MLS glidepath. | subsonic speed | Speed below the speed of sound. | canted bulkhead | The wall of a compartment in an aircraft that, because of structural reasons, is not straight up and down. A canted bulkhead angles upward from the deck. | real power (electrical power) | The power in an alternating current circuit that actually produces work. Real power (true power) is measured in watts and is the product of the circuit voltage and only the current in phase with this voltage. Real power can be found by multiplying the apparent power, the product of the total voltage and the total current, by the power factor, the percent of the total current in phase with the circuit voltage. | TFX | Tactical Fighter Experimental | Q-factor of a coil | A measure of the quality factor of the coil. Q is the ratio of the inductive reactance of a coil to its resistance, both measured in ohms. | additive (lubricating oil component) | A chemical added to an engine lubricating oil to alter its basic characteristics. Additives are used to prevent foaming, improve viscosity index, and increase corrosion inhibiting properties. | three-state buffer | A digital logic device used as a switch in an integrated circuit chip. When there is a logic low on the control line, the device acts as a closed switch with the in and out lines connected, a low on the in line produces a low on the out line, and a high on the in line produces a high on the out line. When there is a high on the control line, the device acts as an open switch, placing a high impedance between the in and the out lines. | all-weather spark plug | A type of shielded spark plug for use in an aircraft reciprocating engine for high-altitude operation. The ceramic insulator is recessed into the shell to allow a resilient grommet on the ignition harness lead to provide a watertight seal. All-weather spark plugs, also called high-altitude spark plugs, are identified by their 3/4-20 shielding threads. | cross linking (composites) | The setting-up of chemical links between polymer molecular chains. When extensive, as in most thermosetting resins, cross-linking makes one infusible supermolecule of all the chains. | thunder (meteorology) | The loud rumbling sound caused by lightning. When lightning (a large spark) jumps from one cloud to another or from a cloud to ground, a great amount of heat is produced. This heat causes the air to expand violently, and this expansion causes shock waves that travel outward at the speed of sound. These shock waves cause the noise we know as thunder. | air data computer (ADC) | An electronic computer in an aircraft that senses pitot pressure, static pressure, and total air temperature. The air from the static ports and pitot tube is vented to the ADC instead of the flight instruments themselves. The ADC then converts the air data into electronic information that is displayed on the primary flight display. The ADC produces an indication of altitude, indicated airspeed, true airspeed, and Mach number, and its output is usable by any of the engine or flight control computers. | gadolinium | A silvery-white, malleable, ductile, metallic, rare-earth chemical element. Gadolinium’s symbol is Gd, its atomic number is 64, and its atomic weight is 157.25. Gadolinium is highly magnetic, especially at low temperatures, and is used as an absorber of neutrons in nuclear reactors and as an alloying element for other metals. | aperiodic damping | Damping which prevents an object overswinging, or moving past its at-rest position. If a pendulum does not have aperiodic damping, when it is disturbed from its at-rest position, it will move back toward this position but will overshoot and oscillate back and forth, with each oscillation smaller than the swing before it. | cannibalize | To take serviceable components from one unit and use them on another. Military and industrial surplus equipment is often used as a source of components that can be obtained by cannibalizing the equipment. | airport sketch | Depicts the airport’s runways and their length, width, and slope; the touchdown zone elevation; the lighting system installed on the end of the runway; and the taxiways. Airport sketches are located on the lower left or right portion of instrument approach charts. | instrument departure procedure (DP) | A preplanned instrument flight rule (IFR) air traffic control departure procedure printed for pilot use in graphic and/or textual form. DPs provide transition from the terminal to the appropriate enroute structure. | bipolar transistor | A solid-state component in which the flow of current between its emitter and collector is controlled by a much smaller flow of current into or out of its base. Bipolar transistors may be of either the NPN or PNP type. | sender (fuel quantity measuring system) | The part of a fuel quantity measuring system located at the tank to measure the level of the fuel in the tank. In most simple systems, the sender is a variable resistor mounted outside the tank with a wire arm protruding into the tank. A float mounted on the arm rides on the top of the fuel, and the arm is connected to the wiper of the variable resistor. As the level of fuel in the tank changes, the position of the arm on the variable resistor changes. The fuel quantity gage on the instrument panel measures the current flowing through the variable resistor and translates this current into the amount of fuel in the tank. | incident | An occurrence other than an accident, associated with the operation of an aircraft, which affects or could affect the safety of operations. | nonlinear system | A system whose output does not change in the same proportion as the input. If the output voltage of a system changes as the square of the input voltage, the system is nonlinear. | aviation medical examiner (AME) | A physician with training in aviation medicine designated by the Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI). | distractors | Incorrect response options on a multiple-choice test item. | FPNM | Feet per Nautical Mile | rivet cutter (mechanic’s hand tool) | A special type of cutter used to cut aircraft solid rivets to the required length. The jaws of the cutter are ground so the cut end of the rivet shank is flat. | AOC | Aircraft Operational Communications | direct shaft turbine (turbine engine type) | A turboshaft engine in which the compressor and power section are mounted on a common driveshaft. | nose heavy (stability condition) | A condition in which the center of lift of an airplane wing is behind the aircraft center of gravity. This creates a tendency for the aircraft to nose down. | straight-in IFR approach (air traffic control) | An instrument approach in which the final approach is begun without first executing a procedure turn. A straight-in approach is not necessarily completed with a straight-in landing, nor is it made to straight-in landing minimums. | electricity | A force caused by electrons moving from one atom to another. A deficiency of electrons is called a positive charge, and an excess of electrons is called a negative charge. The difference in electrical charges causes electrical pressure. When electrical pressure forces electrons to move in a conductor, heat is produced, and a magnetic field surrounds the conductor. | transfer punch (sheet metal tool) | A special type of punch used to mark the center of a rivet hole when the punch is stuck through an existing rivet hole. The diameter of the shank of the punch near the tip is the same as that of the rivet hole, and the end of the punch is flat; but there is a short, sharp point protruding from its center. This point makes a small impression in the metal that is used to start a drill at the location the rivet hole is to be drilled. | jet blast | Jet engine exhaust (thrust stream turbulence). | splayed patch (plywood patch) | A type of patch made in an aircraft plywood structure in which the edges of the patch are tapered for approximately five times the thickness of the plywood. A splayed patch is not recommended for use on plywood less than 1⁄10-inch thick. | monostable | Having only one stable mode of operation. Any time a monostable device is disturbed from its stable condition, it automatically returns to it. | electrolysis | The process in which the chemical composition of a material is changed by passing electrical current through it. When DC electricity passes through water, the water breaks down into its two chemical constituents, hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen bubbles form on the negative electrode, and oxygen bubbles form on the positive electrode. | French fell seam (machine-sewed fabric seam) | A type of machine-sewed seam in which the edges of the two pieces of fabric are folded together, and a double row of stitches passes through four thicknesses of the material. | insulation blanket (turbine engine aircraft component) | A layer of fireproof insulating material used to keep heat from the tail pipe of a gas turbine engine from damaging the aircraft structure. Insulation blankets are usually quilted, to allow the maximum amount of insulating material to be used and at the same time make the blanket easy to install and hold in place. |
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