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| Термин/Аббревиатура | Определение/Расшифровка аббревиатуры | TOGA | Takeoff/Go Around |
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| Термин/Аббревиатура | Определение/Расшифровка аббревиатуры | halation (cathode-ray tube) | A form of distortion that causes a blurred image of the trace on a cathode-ray display tube. The blurring is caused by reflection from the back of the fluorescent coating when the coating is too thick. | reverse-polarity welding | DC electric arc welding in which the electrode is positive with respect to the work. | precision approach | 14 CFR Part 1: “A standard instrument approach procedure in which an electronic glide slope is provided, such as ILS and PAR.” | hacksaw | A handheld saw using a narrow, fine-tooth, replaceable blade, held under tension in a metal frame. Hacksaw blades used for cutting metal and other hard materials are designed to cut only on the forward movement of the blade. The blade should be lifted from the work on its return stroke. | priority valve (fluid power system component) | A type of flow-control valve used in a fluid power system that causes the components to operate in the correct sequence. Priority valves are used in an aircraft hydraulic system to cause the landing gear doors to open fully before the uplocks release the landing gear. | enroute facilities ring | A circle depicted in the plan view of IAP charts to designate NAVAIDs, fixes, and intersections that are part of the enroute low altitude airway structure. | honeycomb (structural material) | A type of material used as the core for laminated structural panels. Honeycomb may be made from aluminum foil, fiberglass cloth, or paper. It is made with a series of hexagonal (six-sided) compartments joined together in such a way that they look much like the comb produced by the honeybee. | high blower (aircraft engine supercharger condition) | The condition of supercharging of a reciprocating engine in which a two-speed, single-stage internal supercharger is operating at its high-speed ratio. This ratio is normally about ten times the speed of the crankshaft. | ductility (metal characteristic) | The property of a material that allows it to be drawn into a thin section without breaking. Because copper has a great deal of ductility, it is possible to draw it into very fine wires. | phosgene gas | A highly toxic, colorless gas, with an unpleasant odor. Phosgene is formed when certain halogen compounds, such as Freon or carbon tetrachloride, are passed through a flame. | ATC instructions (air traffic control) | Directives issued by air traffic control for the purpose of requiring a pilot to take specific actions. Typical instructions are “turn left heading two five zero,” “go around,” and “clear the runway.” | localizer usable distance | The maximum distance from the localizer transmitter at a specified altitude as verified by flight inspection, at which reliable course information is continuously received. | fouled spark plug (malfunctioning ignition system component) | A spark plug that is unable to fire because of contamination in its firing-end cavity. Oil, soot, silicon deposits, or lead deposits can build up in the firing end until they provide a bridge that allows the voltage to leak off before it can build up high enough to jump across the gap between the electrodes. | cylinder barrel (reciprocating engine component) | The high-strength steel tube in which the piston moves up and down in a reciprocating engine. The cylinder barrel of an air-cooled engine has fins cut onto its outer surface to remove heat, and it screws into the cylinder head to form the cylinder assembly. | PBN | Performance Based Navigation | automatic pilot controller | The component in an automatic pilot system that allows the human pilot to direct the aircraft to hold a specified heading and/or altitude or to couple to one or more of the navigation radios for cruise flight or for a landing approach. Other controls allow the pilot to command a turn, and to trim the aircraft about any of its three axes. | static load | The load imposed on an aircraft structure by the weight of the aircraft and its contents. | congeal | To change from a freely flowing liquid into a liquid too viscous, or stiff, to flow. | W | Watts | annual rings | The rings that appear in the end of a log cut from a tree. The number of annual rings per inch gives an indication of the strength of the wood. The more rings there are and the closer they are together, the stronger the wood. | risk (aeronautical decision making) | Future uncertainty caused by an existing hazard; the impact or result of a hazard to flight that is not eliminated or controlled. | physics | The branch of natural science that deals with the interaction between matter and energy in the fields of: acoustics, optics, heat, mechanics, electricity, magnetism, radiation, atomic structure, and nuclear phenomena. | shaded-pole motor (AC electric motor) | A type of alternating current induction motor used for light-duty, constant-speed loads, such as fans, blowers, and tape players. A coil excited by single-phase alternating current is wound around a laminated steel frame, and a squirrel-cage rotor is mounted in bearings attached to the frame. Shading coils made of one or two bands of heavy copper are installed around diagonally opposite pole shoes, the part of the frame around the rotor. | firewall shutoff valve (aircraft fluid system component) | A valve located on the airframe side of the engine firewall that will completely shut off the flow of fuel, oil, or hydraulic fluid to the engine in the case of an engine compartment fire. | MSG | Message | logic circuit | An electronic circuit that operates according to the fundamental laws of logic. | fluctuating arc (electric arc welding condition) | A malfunction in an electric arc welding system that causes the arc to vary its intensity. A fluctuating arc is caused by an inadequate electrical ground. | DETRESFA (distress phase) (ICAO) | The code word used to designate an emergency phase wherein there is reasonable certainty that an aircraft and its occupants are threatened by grave and imminent danger or require immediate assistance. | target blade (helicopter rotor blade) | The blade of a helicopter rotor identified as the reference blade when the rotor is being electronically checked for balance. | intersection | (1) A point defined by any combination of courses, radials, or bearings of two or more navigational aids. (2) Used to describe the point where two runways, a runway and a taxiway, or two taxiways cross or meet. | glide slope (GS) function | The autopilot function that manipulates the pitch of the aircraft to track a glideslope signal or APV guidance during a precision approach. | high-rate discharge (battery operation) | Discharge of a battery at the highest rate it is likely to encounter in service. This is also called the cold-cranking discharge rate. | BCSL | Base-Current Switch Logic | con-di duct | The British name for a convergent-divergent duct. See convergent-divergent duct. | secondary radar target | A target derived from a transponder return presented on a radar display. | SURPIC | Surface Picture | P-band radar | Radar that operates in the frequency range between 225 and 390 megahertz. At this frequency, the wavelengths of the pulses of energy are between 133.3 and 76.9 centimeters. | needle valve | A fluid control valve that uses a long tapered needle to control the amount of fluid that can flow through an orifice. The needle valve can be moved into or out of the orifice. When the needle is completely in the orifice, the fluid flow is minimum, and when it is completely out of the orifice, the flow is limited by the size of the orifice. When the needle is neither fully in nor fully out, its position controls the effective size of the orifice and thus the amount of fluid allowed to flow. | clockwise rotation | Rotation of an object in the same direction the hands of a clock move. | NOPAC | North Pacific | TSE | Total navigation System Error | transformer (electrical component) | An electrical component used to change the voltage and current in an alternating current circuit. The core of a transformer is made of a stack of soft iron laminations, and the windings, which consist of several coils of insulated wire, are wound around the core. The winding connected to the power source is called the primary winding, and the windings connected to the electrical loads are called secondary windings. | FIM | Fault Isolation Monitoring | ISAR | Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar | CCV | Control Configured Vehicle | COMP | Compressor | bauxite | A type of clay or rock, the source of aluminum. To extract the aluminum, the bauxite is changed into alumina (aluminum oxide). Then, the alumina is reduced to metallic aluminum by an electrolytic process. | trimmed flight | A flight condition in which the aerodynamic forces acting on the control surfaces are balanced, and the aircraft is able to fly straight and level with no control input. | permanent magnet speaker | The type of speaker used in small radios and tape players. The magnetic field in which the voice coil moves is produced by a small permanent magnet. | thallium | A soft, bluish-white, malleable, highly toxic, metallic chemical element. Thallium’s symbol is Tl, its atomic number is 81, and its atomic weight is 204.37. Thallium is used in the manufacture of photocells and infrared detection devices and in poison for rodents. |
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